Full names:

-Miguel Ángel Calvache Escallon

-José Daniel Vidal

-Andriz Vegas

-Steven Erazo Lozano

Teacher’s name:

-Lucia estupiñan

School’s name:

-Institucion Ed. Santo Tomas “casd”

Why English is important?

I think it's most important communication and English is the global language in bone anywhere in the world you find people who speak English and recalls that the English or any other knowledge is like a jewel so precious that nobody can steal and a person with two languages ​​is worth two, know that here in America is easier get a job a person who only speaks bilingual English bone that also our Spanish is very important.

Simple present tense


the simple present, also called the indicative tense is the simplest of English. It is often used to talk about facts that are habits or customs. It forms the base form of the verb of the infinitive. This consists of two infinitive particles to and the base form of the verb, so, for example, to eat is an infinitive which means to eat.

Use of the simple present

this tense is used to express facts or general truths.

The Sun warms the atmosphere. -> The sun heats the atmosphere.
We also use the present simple to talk about habits; in this case, prayer is often expressions often appear as usually or always.

Usually we play tennis. -> We play tennis occasionally.
You always study. -> You always you study.
Also use it to express hoarier or programs (such as a theatrical program).

The train leaves in an hour. -> The train arrives in an hour.

Spelling rules for the 3 rd. person singular

As a general rule, the verb form of the 3 rd person singular s is added, however, there are a few rules for a series of verbal forms are special:

1 .- When the verb ends in s already, or a similar sound as sh, ch or x:

watch -> watches (watch) dash -> Dash (throwing)
2 .- When the verb ends in o, is also added:

go -> goes (go) do -> does (do)
3 .- When the verb ends in y, since it precedes a consonant, we have to change the y to i, then add it:

fly -> flies (fly) study -> studies (study)
Note that these are the same spelling rules that apply to form the plural. They are also used to form other tenses, so once you learn you have much livestock.

Conjugation.

Conjugación	Inglés	Español
1ª per. singular	I work	yo trabajo
2ª per. singular	you work	tú trabajas
3ª per. singular	he works she works It works	él trabaja ella trabaja (para objetos)
1ª per. plural	we work	nosotros/as trabajmos
2ª per. plural	you work	vosotros/as trabajais
3ª per. plural	they work	ellos/as trabajan

The only hitch type, as usual, in the 3rd person singular, in fact, this 3rd person is special when conjugating verbs. As a general rule is added to s, although we will see that there are some exceptions.

Examples

In these examples, you must place the verb in brackets into Present Simple:

I (travel).......... Every week to London. I travel to London every week.

They (run).......... Every Saturdays in the park. They run in the park every Saturday.
My mother (clean) .......... the house. My mother cleans the house.

You (be) .......... a good student. You're a good student.

Mary (work) .......... in a bank. Mary works in a bank.

John (walk).......... to His office. John walks into his office.

You (study).......... English at school. You study English at school.

The Dog (break) .......... the fence. The dog broke the fence.

The car (be) .......... in the garage. The car is in the garage.

My father (have) .......... a nice coat. My father has a cute bag.

Questions

 ¿do you live in the big city?

L+A= Yes, I lives in the big city

L-A= No, I don’t lives in the big city

S+A= Yes, I do lives

S-A= No, I don’t lives

Simple past tense

This verbal form of English is a bit more complicated, because forced to assimilate other aspects that are more abstract, such as irregular verbs for example.

Verb "To Be" in past.

This issue has two parts: the verb "to be" in the past (was, Were), and the past simple.

The simple past tense is used to talk about an action or something that took place in the past and no longer has any relation to the present.

Irregular verbs.

Unlike regular verbs irregular verbs do not have a marker that helps to recognize past. Fortunately, the group of irregular verbs is formed by a limited number of verbs (about 350), while there are thousands of regular verbs.

We present here a list of irregular verbs. For each verb include:

The infinitive form of the Simple Past (Past Simple, for example: I Arrived yesterday)

The past participle (past participle, which is used in the Present Perfect time, for example: I have broken a glass)

Spanish translation: Regular verbs form the Past Simple Past Participle and so adding-ed. Irregular verbs do not follow this rule and you should memorize.

Regular verbs

In English it is called regular verbs are those past by adding the suffix 'ed' or’d’ to the root of the verb. This marker of past helps to recognize this type of verbs in a written text.

When to use simple past?

The simple present is often used to refer to actions that took place at a particular time in the past. In this case particles are used as yesterday (yesterday) or last year (last year).

She finished school last year -> finished school last year.

It also uses the past to actions that occurred in the past and have done, but does not mention the right time.

Who wrote that letter? -> Who wrote this letter?

To form the past we put the verb in its past form, and here comes the difilculty. First, we must distinguish two kinds of verbs regulars and irregulars. The latter, for its difficulty, leave it for an upcoming lesson and focus on the regulars.

Examples.

-Yesterday we listened to the radio for four hours.

- They live in a big house.

- Yesterday we did not study Spanish.

- Yesterday I was not (wasn't) at home.

- Did you study Spanish yesterday?

Questions.

¿Did you eat the last night?

L+A= Yes, I did ate the last night

L-A= Not, I didn’t eat the last night

S+A= Yes, I did ate

S-A= I didn’t eat

Present continuous tense

Present continuous tense that expresses actions of this but with some nuances that differentiate the present simple. Before seeing how to use the present continuous, let's see how it is formed. Then see how denying this tense and how to form questions with it.Below is a table showing the continuous present tense. From this table we will see how this time verbal form.

When to use present continuous?

This tense can use it to express different things, and in different circumstances:

To refer to actions that are being developed at the same time when it is spoken.

I am reading a book -> I'm reading a book (in this moment)
We also use the present continuous to describe things that happen around the time that we are talking about.

She is studying Spanish -> She is studying  English (not just now)
We can use the present continuous to refer to actions that have taken place with some Freq.

You are always working -> You are always working (it does frequently)
When we speak of a future action that we have decided that we will develop. In this case we mention the time in which we will develop the action.

I am going to Madrid next week -> I'm Madrid being week

Examples.

-I am watching the game whit my friends

-She loves the player game

-He is going to see the game

-I am linking the game

-He doesn’t understand the game

-I’m not going to de game because the pass is most expensive

-She doesn’t seeing the game because her don’t like

-We are listening the game

-The super star of the game is playing now!

-I am going to see the game whit my friend

Questions.

¿Is the world going to be contaminated?

L+A= Yes, the world is going to be contaminated

L-A= Not, the world isn’t going to be contaminated

S+A= Yes, the world is going

S-A= Not, the world isn’t going

Perfect present tense.

The "present perfect" is a time used to describe actions that just happened in the past and that have some connection with this.

When to use perfect present?

To build the affirmative must use the Present Perfect as an auxiliary verb to have in the Simple Present and accompanied by the main verb in its past participle (either regular or irregular verbs verbs):

I have bought a new dress.

I have bought a new dress.

You have studied the lesson. You have studied the lesson.

I've broken the window. He has broken the window.

She've lost the keys. She has lost the keys.

Remember the 3 rd. person singular should get the "S" in the auxiliary and it is the Simple Present.

Instead, to form a question we put the auxiliary at the beginning of the sentence, then the subject and then the main verb in past participle also:

Have I bought a new dress?

I bought a new dress?

Have you studied the lesson? Have you studied the lesson?

You've broken the window? He has broken the window?

She lost the keys you? She has lost her keys?

For its part, the negative is formed by putting the negation NOT between the auxiliary and main verb, for example:

I have not bought a new dress. I have not bought a new dress.

You have not studied the lesson. You have not studied the lesson.

I have not broken the window. He has not broken the window.

She has not lost the keys. She has not lost the key.

You can also use the contracted form of negation or hasn't Have not placed accordingly.

Note that when we speak in Present Perfect should not mention the time the action has occurred since to do so should use the simple past, for example:

I have sold my car.

I have sold my car. (Present Perfect)

I sold my car This Morning.

I sold my car this morning. (Past Simple)

Example.

-I had eaten something.

-You had talked to somebody.

-He had listened to something.

-She had read something.

-It had gone somewhere.

-We had looked at something.

-You had worn something.

-They had sat somewhere.

Questions.

¿The students have not forgotten their homework?

L+A= Yes, the students have forgotten their homework

L-A= the students haven’t forgotten their homework

S+A= Yes, the students have forgotten

S-A= they haven’t forgotten

Relative clauses.

The clause is a syntactic structures studied by the various schools of grammar. From initially, the traditional grammar has noticed that there is functional relationship between this type of complex structure and functioning of adjectives: both specified clauses (restrictive) and the explanatory (not restrictive), have respectively same functions with regard to its history, than adjectives play of the same name with respect to name change.

A clause that describes a person gives us information about the person (or type of person) that is spoken about. When used as a subject of the verb in a clause, or THAT, WHO.

Whit who

You cannot put a preposition in Spanish at the end of a sentence or clause as in English and that it is put before the relative pronoun. My question is what is done when there are two prepositions, one of the main clause verb and the verb in the relative clauses?

For example

1. I am what you are referring to talking about. (I am referring to what you are talking about, but this sounds very formal way.)

Mean what you're talking about.

2. He Thinks About Whom I should discuss historical problem with (He Thinks about Whom I should discuss with historical problem.)

He thinks with whom to discuss your problem derby.

Is it correct to say so? I know that these phrases are not common, but may have something similar.

Whit that

THAT is used as an object of the verb takes the place of objective pronouns I / you / him / her / us / them.

I like people THAT have a good sense of humor.

I'd prefer someone (THAT) I have something in common with.

Tag questions. (Many tense)

The tag questions are short sentences or questions (mini-questions) that are placed at the end of a sentence yes or no and usually aim to confirm or deny the content of the sentence itself. It is equivalent to it? Spanish or no? Most used in countries of America.

Three basic rules to remember

1. The tag questions always use auxiliary verbs.

2. In affirmative sentences we use a tag question in the negative.

3. I negative sentences we use a tag question in affirmative or positive.

Let us now analyze the different alternatives that may be present:

a) AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES WITH THE WORD TO BE IN PRESENT SIMPLE OR CONTINUOUS.

It uses the same verb form NEGATIVE: Are not you? Is not he? Is not she? is not it? Are not we? Are not you? Are not They? Here are some examples:

It's a beautiful day, is not it? (It's a beautiful day, huh?)

Martha is angry, not she? (Marta is angry, right?)

You are really tired, Are not you? (You look tired, right?)

They're very nice people, Are not they? (They are very nice people, right?)

You are coming tomorrow, Are not you? (You will come tomorrow, right?)

Peter's flying now, Is not he? (Peter is flying right now, right?)

Please remember that in American English and only in this particular case, for the first person of the verb to be used are not I? As the equivalent of am I not?:

I'm late, Are not I? (I'm late, right?)

Arriving late at night I'm not, are not I? (I'll be late at night, right?)

b) NEGATIVE SENTENCES WITH THE WORD TO BE IN PRESENT SIMPLE OR CONTINUOUS.

It uses the same verb form of affirmative or positive, am I? Are you? Is he? Is she? Is it? Are we? Are you? Are they? Here are some examples:

I'm not late, am I? (No I'm late, right?)

It is not a beautiful day, is it? (It is a beautiful day, huh?)

Martha Is not angry, is she? (Marta is angry, no?)

Are not you really tired, are you? (You are not tired, right?)

They are not very nice people, are they? (They are very nice people, right?)

You are not coming tomorrow, are you? (You will not come tomorrow, right?)

Pedro Is not flying now, is he? (Peter is not flying right now, right?)

c) AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES WITH THE WORD TO BE IN PAST SIMPLE OR CONTINUOUS.

It uses the same verb form NEGATIVE: Was not I? We’re not you? Was not he? She wasn’t? Was not it? We’re not we? We’re not you? We’re not they? Here are some examples:

It was a beautiful day, was not it? (It was a beautiful day, huh?)

Martha Washington angry, Was not she? (Martha was angry, right?)

You were really tired, were not you? (I was very tired, right?)

You were studying at 6, were not you? (I studied at 6, right?)

I was flying when I phone, I was not? (He was flying when I called, right?)

Conditionals.

Zero conditional.

Certainty.

We use the so-called zero conditional when the result of the condition is always true, like a scientific fact.

Take some ice. Put it I a saucepan. Heat the saucepan. What happens? The ice melts (it becomes water). You would be surprised if it did not.

IF   condition                result

      Present simple       present simple

IF   you heat ice          it melts

Notice that we are thinking about a result that is always true for this condition: the result of the condition is an absolute certainty. We are not thinking about the future or the past, or even the present. We are thinking about a simple past fact. We use the present simple tense to talk about the result. The important thing about the zero conditional is that the conditional always has the same result.

Look at some more examples in the tables below:

IF   condition                              result

     Present simple                     present simple

 If  I miss the 8 o’clock bus     I am late for word

If I am late for word               my boss gets angry

If people don’t eat                they get hungry

If you heat ice                       does it melt?

Result                          IF         condition

Present simple                       present simple

I am late for work      if          I miss the 8 o’clock bus

My boss gets angry   if         I am late for work

People get hungry    if          they don’t eat

Does ice melt            if          you heat it?

First conditional.

Real possibility.

We are talking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition or situation in the future; and the result of this condition. There I a real possibility that this condition will happen. For example, it is morning. You are at home. You play to play tennis this afternoon. But there are some clouds in the sky. Imagine that it rains. What will you do?

IF   condition                        result

     Present simple                WILL + base verb

If    it rains                             I will stay at home

Notice that we are thinking about a future condition. It is not raining yet. But the sky is cloudy and you think that it could rain. We are the present simple tense to talk about the possible future condition. We use WILL+base verb to talk about the possible future. The important thing about the first conditional is that there is a real possibility that the condition will happen. Here are some more examples (do you remember the two basic structures: [IF condition result] and [result IF condition]?):

IF    condition                                   result

      Present simple                           WILL+base verb

If    I see Mary                                  I will tell her.

If    Tara is free tomorrow                he will invite her.

If    they do not pass their exam    their teacher will be sad.

If    it rains tomorrow                       will you stay at home?

If    it rains tomorrow                        what will you do?

 

Result                                     IF         condition

WILL+ base verb                               present simple

I will tell Mary                       if           I see her.

He will invite Tara if                          she is free tomorrow.

Their teacher will be sad    if           they do not pass their exam.

Will you stay at home         if           it rains tomorrow?

What will you do                  if          it rains tomorrow?

Second conditional

Unreal possibility or dream

The second conditional is like the first conditional. We are still thinking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition in the future, and the result of this condition. But there is not a real possibility that this condition will happen. For example, you do not have a lottery ticket. Is it possible to win? No! No lottery ticket, no win! But maybe you will buy a lottery ticket in the future. So you can think about winning in the future, like a dream. It’s not very real, but it’s still possible.

IF    condition                 result

      Past simple              WOULD+ base verb

If   I won the lottery       I would buy a car

Notice that we are thinking about a future condition. We use the past simple tense to talk about the future condition. We use WOULD+ base verb to talk about the future result. The important thing about the second conditional is that there is an unreal possibility that the condition will happen.

Here are some more examples:

IF    condition                  result

      Past simple                WOULD+ base verb

If   I married Mary           I would be happy

If   Ram became rich     she would marry him

If   it snowed next July    would you be surprised?

If   snowed next July       what would you do?

Result                                  IF     condition

WOULD+ base verb                  past simple

I would be happy             if     I married Mary

She would marry Ram      if     he became rich

Would you be surprised   if     it snowed next July?

What would you do          if     it snowed next July?

Sometimes, we use should, could or might instead have would, for example: if I won a million dollars, I could stop working.

Third conditional.

No possibility.

The first conditional and second conditionals talk about the future. Whit the third conditional we talk about the past. We talk about a conditional in the past that did not happen. That is why there is no possibility for this condition. The third conditional is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true.

Last week you bought a lottery ticket. But you did not win.

     Condition                           result

     Past perfect                       WOULD HAVE + past participle

If   I had won the lottery        I would have bought a car

Notice that we are thinking about an impossible past condition. You did not win the lottery. So the condition was not true, and that particular condition can never be true because it is finished. We use the past perfect tense to talk about the impossible past condition. we use WOULD HAVE + past participle to talk about the impossible past result. The important thing about the third conditional is that both the condition and result are impossible now.